sedimentary
Jasper (Red/Brown)
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2) with Iron Oxide inclusions
Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, dark brown; Luster: Waxy to dull; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Reddish-brown, dark brown
- Luster
- Waxy to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, dark brown; Luster: Waxy to dull; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91
Formation & geological history
Formed when microcrystalline silica precipitates in sedimentary or low-grade metamorphic environments, often with iron oxides providing the reddish-brown pigmentation. Typically rounded by stream or beach erosion.
Uses & applications
Used for lapidary arts, tumbled stones, jewelry beads, cabochons, and decorative rock collections.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used since antiquity for carving seals, ornaments, and amulets. It is an opaque variety of chalcedony.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its opacity, hardness (cannot be scratched by a steel nail), dull to waxy luster, and smooth rounded pebble form. Commonly found in riverbeds, gravel deposits, and beaches worldwide.
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