sedimentary

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (Microcrystalline Quartz, SiO2)

Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, typically brown to reddish-brown in color with a waxy to dull luster, and exhibits conchoidal fracture.

Identified November 1, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, typically brown to reddish-brown in color with a waxy to dull luster, and exhibits conchoidal fracture.

Formed by the precipitation of silica-rich fluids in sedimentary environments or volcanic ash beds, often dating back hundreds of millions of years.

Widely used for ornamental carvings, polished cabochons in jewelry, and decorative stone objects.

Jasper has been used since ancient times for talismans, seals, and weaponry like arrowheads due to its toughness and fracture properties.

Commonly found in stream beds and metamorphic-sedimentary contact zones; easily identified by its opaque nature, conchoidal breaks, and hardness.

Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion

Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image

Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint

Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

Sandstone

Arenite

Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)

Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)