sedimentary
Jasper
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, reddish-brown color due to iron oxide impurities, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, no cleavage (conchoidal fracture), specific gravity around 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, reddish-brown color due to iron oxide impurities, waxy to vitreous luster, cryptocrystalline structure, no cleavage (conchoidal fracture), specific gravity around 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the silification of sedimentary or volcanic rocks where silica-rich fluids replace organic material or fill cavities, often in hydrothermal environments or ocean basins.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in lapidary arts, making cabochons, beads, ornamental carvings, and decorative jewelry.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used by ancient peoples since antiquity for talismans, seals, and primitive tools. Red jasper specifically gets its vibrant color from hematite inclusions.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its distinctive opacity, lack of cleavage, smooth conchoidal fracture, and hardness which easily scratches glass. Commonly found globally in riverbeds, alluvial deposits, and volcanic regions.
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