sedimentary
Jasper
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, reddish-brown color due to iron oxide inclusions, waxy to dull luster, cryptocrystalline structure, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity around 2.65.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, reddish-brown color due to iron oxide inclusions, waxy to dull luster, cryptocrystalline structure, conchoidal fracture, specific gravity around 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica-rich sediments or volcanic ash, often in marine environments, followed by diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in ornamental carvings, jewelry, lapidary arts, and as decorative stone.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used since ancient times to create seals, signet rings, and various ornaments. Red varieties are particularly associated with iron oxide staining.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified in the field by its hardness, smooth conchoidal fracture, and opaque earthy or reddish coloration. Found worldwide in riverbeds, ancient marine deposits, and mountainous regions.
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