sedimentary

Jasper

Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)

Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, opaque luster, various earth tones including yellow, brown, and red, and conchoidal fracture.

Identified November 8, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, opaque luster, various earth tones including yellow, brown, and red, and conchoidal fracture.

Formed through the deposition of silica-rich fluids in sedimentary environments or volcanic ash over millions of years.

Commonly used for ornamental carvings, polished cabochons in jewelry, and geological collecting.

Jasper has been utilized since ancient times for talismans, seals, and weaponry components due to its toughness and fracture properties.

Identified in the field by its opacity, waxy luster, and lack of crystal cleavage; found worldwide in riverbeds and ancient hydrothermal deposits.

Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion

Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image

Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint

Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

Sandstone

Arenite

Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)

Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)