sedimentary

Jasper

Silicon dioxide (Microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)

Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, earthy brown color with white quartz inclusions, waxy to dull luster, and cryptocrystalline structure.

Identified October 28, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, earthy brown color with white quartz inclusions, waxy to dull luster, and cryptocrystalline structure.

Formed through the deposition of silica-rich fluids in sedimentary environments or hydrothermal veins, often over millions of years.

Commonly used in ornamental carvings, cabochons, jewelry, and polished collector specimens.

Jasper has been utilized since ancient times for talismans, seals, and weaponry components due to its fracture toughness.

Identify by its conchoidal fracture, opaque appearance, and resistance to steel scratching; found worldwide in riverbeds and mountainous regions.

Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion

Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image

Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint

Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

Sandstone

Arenite

Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)

Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)