mineral
Jasper
SiO2 (Cryptocrystalline quartz)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Brown, red, orange, yellow (due to iron inclusions). Luster: Dull to greasy, can be polished. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.9.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Brown, red, orange, yellow (due to iron inclusions)
- Luster
- Dull to greasy, can be polished
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Color: Brown, red, orange, yellow (due to iron inclusions). Luster: Dull to greasy, can be polished. Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 2.5-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Forms as a secondary mineral from silica-rich fluids in sedimentary or volcanic environments, often through the replacement of other minerals or in veins and nodules.
Uses & applications
Used in lapidary work, jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically for tools and weapons.
Geological facts
Jasper is an opaque variety of chalcedony. The name means 'spotted or speckled stone'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its opacity, hardness (scratches glass), and waxy/dull luster when unpolished. Commonly found worldwide, often in riverbeds or beaches as water-worn pebbles.
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