sedimentary
Jasper
Microcrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, typically brown, red, yellow, or green due to iron oxide impurities, waxy to dull luster, cryptocrystalline or microcrystalline structure, conchoidal fracture with no cleavage, specific gravity of 2.58 to 2.91.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, typically brown, red, yellow, or green due to iron oxide impurities, waxy to dull luster, cryptocrystalline or microcrystalline structure, conchoidal fracture with no cleavage, specific gravity of 2.58 to 2.91.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica-rich fluids or silty sediments in marine or terrestrial environments, often in volcanic or sedimentary settings, followed by diagenesis and lithification over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in lapidary arts for making cabochons, beads, ornaments, carvings, and as a semi-precious gemstone in jewelry.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used since ancient times for talismans, seals, and weaponry components. Its name comes from the Greek word iaspis, meaning 'spotted stone'.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified in the field by its high hardness (scratches glass), smooth water-worn surface when found on beaches, waxy luster, and opaque earthy colors. Found worldwide.
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