sedimentary

Jasper

Microcrystalline quartz (SiO2)

Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, opaque luster, various colors including green, red, and brown, with a conchoidal fracture and no cleavage.

Identified November 7, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, opaque luster, various colors including green, red, and brown, with a conchoidal fracture and no cleavage.

Formed through the silification of sedimentary or volcanic rocks where silica-rich fluids replace original material over geological time.

Commonly used for ornamental carvings, cabochons, jewelry, and lapidary art due to its attractive patterns and durability.

Jasper has been used since ancient times for talismans, seals, and weaponry like arrowheads due to its conchoidal fracture.

Identify it in the field by its waxy luster, opaque nature, and hardness that scratches glass. Found worldwide in riverbeds and mountainous regions.

Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion

Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image

Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint

Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

Sandstone

Arenite

Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)

Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)