mineral

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - Microcrystalline Quartz

Hardness: 6.5-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, yellow, orange-brown; Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous; Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None, exhibits conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91.

Hardness: 6
Color: Reddish-brown, yellow, orange-brown
Luster: Waxy to sub-vitreous

Identified July 26, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary mineral during the precipitation of silica in volcanic ash or hydrothermal veins, often incorporating iron oxide impurities that impart reddish-brown tones.

Uses & applications

Used widely in lapidary arts for cabochons, beads, ornamental carvings, tumbled decorative stones, and historical seals or amulets.

Geological facts

Jasper has been used as a gemstone since antiquity and is mentioned in ancient Greek, Roman, and Biblical texts as a popular material for engraved gems.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its hardness (scratches glass, cannot be scratched by a steel blade), dull to waxy luster, opaque nature, smooth conchoidal fracture, and brownish-red color. Commonly found in gravel beds, stream deposits, and volcanic regions worldwide.

Other mineral specimens

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Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Septarian Pebble

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Sandstone with Mineral Veining or Crust

Sedimentary Sandstone (mostly SiO2 with Fe2O3 tinting)

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Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)

Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)

mineral

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Mineral