mineral
Jasper
Silicon dioxide (Microcrystalline quartz, SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Colors vary widely including red, yellow, brown, green, and orange due to iron oxide impurities. Luster is vitreous to dull. Crystal structure is trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline). Cleavage is none, fracture is conchoidal.
- Hardness
- 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Colors vary widely including red, yellow, brown, green, and orange due to iron oxide impurities. Luster is vitreous to dull. Crystal structure is trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline). Cleavage is none, fracture is conchoidal.
Formation & geological history
Forms by the precipitation of silica from hydrothermal fluids or silica-rich solutions in sedimentary or volcanic environments, often filling rock cavities or replacing organic material.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in lapidary work, ornamental carvings, cabochons for jewelry, and as a collector's mineral specimen.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used since ancient times to create seals, signet rings, and various ornamental items. The name comes from the ancient Greek word iaspis, meaning 'spotted stone'.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its opaque appearance, waxy-to-dull luster, conchoidal fracture, and high hardness (scratches glass). Found worldwide, particularly in regions with historical volcanic or sedimentary activity.
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