sedimentary

Jasper

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) microcrystalline quartz

Hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, opaque luster, earthy to sub-vitreous, and typically displays red, brown, or yellow bands from iron impurities.

Identified November 12, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale, opaque luster, earthy to sub-vitreous, and typically displays red, brown, or yellow bands from iron impurities.

Formed through the silification of sedimentary deposits or volcanic ash, occurring over millions of years in silica-rich hydrothermal environments.

Commonly used in ornamental carvings, cabochons, jewelry, and lapidary art.

Jasper has been used since ancient times for talismans, seals, and weaponry components by various civilizations.

Identified by its opaque nature, conchoidal fracture, and inability to be scratched by steel; found globally in riverbeds and mountainous regions.

Fossil-bearing concretion, possibly containing a fossil shell or other organic inclusion

Calcareous concretion; exact fossil and host-rock composition are not identifiable from the image

Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock

Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint

Sandstone

Arenite

Shale

Shale (clastic sedimentary rock)

Shale (or Mudstone/Siltstone)

Sedimentary Mudrock (SiO2, Al2O3 base with clay minerals)