mineral
Kidney Stone
Nephrolithiasis (Calcium Oxalate, Hydroxyapatite, or Uric Acid)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3-4 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, or brown, Luster: dull to vitreous, Structure: crystalline or amorphous aggregate, Specific gravity: 2.1-2.5
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-4 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, or brown, Luster: dull to vitreous, Structure: crystalline or amorphous aggregate, Specific gravity: 2.1-2.5
Formation & geological history
Biomineralization process within the human urinary tract, specifically the kidneys; formed by the precipitation of mineral salts from supersaturated urine.
Uses & applications
Primarily of interest for medical diagnosis, pathological research, and health awareness; not used in industry.
Geological facts
The largest kidney stone ever removed weighed over 1.7 lbs. They have been found in Egyptian mummies, proving that humans have suffered from them for millennia.
Field identification & locations
Identified by their irregular, often jagged shape and organic origin. In a geological sense, they are considered biogenic minerals or 'uroliths'.
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