igneous
Kimberlite
Ultramafic igneous rock
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6-7, dull to greasy luster, greenish-gray to brownish color, contains olivine phenocrysts.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6-7, dull to greasy luster, greenish-gray to brownish color, contains olivine phenocrysts.
Formation & geological history
Formed deep in the Earth's mantle via explosive volcanic eruptions, bringing up mantle xenoliths and diamonds.
Uses & applications
Primary source rock for natural diamonds; used in scientific research to study mantle composition.
Geological facts
Kimberlite pipes are rare and typically found in the oldest parts of continental cratons.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its altered ultramafic matrix and presence of indicator minerals like pyrope garnet and chrome diopside.
