metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli with Pyrite
Lapis lazuli (Mainly Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Intense royal blue with gold flecks, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Isometric (Lazurite component), Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Intense royal blue with gold flecks, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Structure: Isometric (Lazurite component), Cleavage: Poor, Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble, enriching the rock with sodium and sulfur components. Deposits are typically ancient, with Afghan mines dating back over 6,500 years.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for high-end jewelry, decorative carvings, beads, and historically as a pigment (ultramarine) for art.
Geological facts
The golden flecks seen in the specimen are actually Pyrite (‘Fool’s Gold’), which is a diagnostic feature of high-quality Lapis. It was highly prized by Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs for amulets and death masks.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its unique 'deep sea blue' color and metallic inclusions. Main sources are Afghanistan (Sar-i Sang), Russia, Chile, and Canada.
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