metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli (Rock composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 Mohs. Color: Deep royal blue, often with white Calcite veins and gold Pyrite flecks. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Structure: Granular/Massive. Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
- Hardness
- 5 to 5
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5 to 5.5 Mohs. Color: Deep royal blue, often with white Calcite veins and gold Pyrite flecks. Luster: Dull to vitreous. Structure: Granular/Massive. Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble by granitic or alkaline intrusions. Most high-quality specimens originate from ancient mines in the Hindu Kush mountains of Afghanistan.
Uses & applications
Used for jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, high-end tiling, and historically ground into 'Ultramarine' pigment for fine art painting.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli has been mined for over 6,000 years. It was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun and was the world's most expensive pigment before synthetic versions were created in the 1820s.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its rich blue color and characteristic metallic gold Pyrite inclusions. While common in Afghanistan, it is also found in Chile, Russia, and Canada. Beware of dyed Howlite or blue Jasper which are often sold as imitations.
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