metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli (main components: Lazurite, Calcite, Pyrite)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 5-5.5 Mohs; Color: Deep blue with gold pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Specific gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 Mohs; Color: Deep blue with gold pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Isometric (Lazurite component); Specific gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Forms through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. Major deposits in Afghanistan are thousands of years old, typically found in mountainous regions near hydrothermal vents.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for jewelry (beads, cabochons), ornamental carvings, and historically as the pigment ultramarine for fine art painting.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli has been mined for over 6,000 years, most famously from the Sar-i Sang mines in Afghanistan. It was a favorite of ancient Egyptian royalty and was used for the funeral mask of Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinct celestial blue color and the presence of gold-colored metallic specks (pyrite). Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia. Collectors value deep blue intensity without excessive gray or white calcite.
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