metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis lazuli (composed primarily of Lazurite (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2, Calcite, and Pyrite)
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (as lazurite); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Color
- Deep celestial blue
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (as lazurite); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble, usually near igneous intrusions. It has been mined for over 6,000 years, primarily in Afghanistan.
Uses & applications
Used widely in jewelry, carvings, ornaments, and historical pigments (ultramarine). It is a popular collector's stone and used in decorative lapidary work.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli was the source of the world's most expensive pigment, ultramarine, used by Renaissance artists like Vermeer. Ancient Egyptians used it for the funeral mask of Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its rich blue color and characteristic gold-colored flecks of pyrite. Commonly found in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Canada. Look for vibrant blue saturation with minimal white calcite veining.
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