sedimentary

Laterite (Iron-rich bauxite or Gossan)

Ferricrete (Fe2O3·nH2O)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 4-6 Mohs; Color: Rusty red, brown, or earthy orange; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: High (dense due to iron content)

Hardness: 4-6 Mohs
Color: Rusty red, brown, or earthy orange
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified June 19, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed by the intensive and long-lasting chemical weathering (leaching) of parent rock in tropical or subtropical climates, resulting in an accumulation of iron and aluminum oxides.

Uses & applications

Used historically as a building material (cut into blocks), as a source of iron or aluminum ore, and in road construction as a sub-base material.

Geological facts

Laterite is unique because it is often soft and can be easily cut when first quarried, but it hardens significantly upon exposure to air and sun. It was the primary material used to build the temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its characteristic pitted or vesicular texture, deep red-brown color, and heavy weight. It is commonly found in tropical regions like India, Southeast Asia, and parts of Africa.