sedimentary
Limestone (Weathered)
Sedimentary carbonate rock, primarily calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Hardness: 3 on the Mohs scale; Color: Brownish to yellowish-tan due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline (calcite); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in individual calcite crystals; Specific Gravity: 2.7
- Hardness
- 3 on the Mohs scale
- Color
- Brownish to yellowish-tan due to iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3 on the Mohs scale; Color: Brownish to yellowish-tan due to iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline (calcite); Cleavage: Perfect rhombohedral in individual calcite crystals; Specific Gravity: 2.7
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and compaction of organic remains such as shells, coral, and algae, or through the chemical precipitation of calcium carbonate from marine or freshwater environments. Often subjected to subaerial weathering and dissolution, creating the pitted, irregular texture visible.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction (aggregate, road base, concrete production), agriculture (soil conditioning), and the manufacture of cement and lime.
Geological facts
Weathered limestone often develops karst features like small solution pits and cavities as slightly acidic rainwater dissolves the calcium carbonate over time.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified in the field by its characteristic reaction to dilute hydrochloric acid (effervescence/fizzing) and its relatively soft nature compared to silicate rocks.
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