sedimentary
Limonite Bog Iron
Hydrated iron oxide-hydroxide, FeO(OH)·nH2O
Hardness: 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Brown, yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown. Luster: Earthy to submetallic. Crystal structure: Amorphous to microcrystalline. Streak: Yellowish-brown.
- Hardness
- 4 to 5
- Color
- Brown, yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown
- Luster
- Earthy to submetallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Brown, yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown. Luster: Earthy to submetallic. Crystal structure: Amorphous to microcrystalline. Streak: Yellowish-brown.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the chemical or biochemical precipitation of iron in shallow lakes, bogs, and swamps, often facilitated by iron-reducing bacteria, typically dating from various geological periods including the Quaternary.
Uses & applications
Historically used as a minor ore for iron production; currently collected by mineral enthusiasts and used in educational displays.
Geological facts
Bog iron was one of the primary sources of iron for early European settlers in North America, utilized extensively in local blacksmithing and manufacturing before the development of deep-mine iron ore extraction.
Field identification & locations
Found in damp, boggy lowlands, near streams or wetland environments worldwide. Identified by its characteristic brownish-red rusty coloration, heavy weight relative to size, and earthy texture.
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