mineral
Limonite Concretion / Ironstone
Hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, FeO(OH)·nH2O
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 4-5.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Brown, yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown, Luster: Earthy to submetallic, Crystal structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline (pseudomorphic often after other minerals), Specific gravity: 2.7-4.3
- Hardness
- 4-5
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4-5.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Brown, yellowish-brown, or reddish-brown, Luster: Earthy to submetallic, Crystal structure: Amorphous or microcrystalline (pseudomorphic often after other minerals), Specific gravity: 2.7-4.3
Formation & geological history
Formed through the weathering and oxidation of iron-bearing minerals in sedimentary environments, often found in soils and bog iron deposits.
Uses & applications
Historically used as a source of iron ore, and ground into pigments (ochre). Collected by mineral enthusiasts.
Geological facts
Limonite is not a true distinct mineral species, but rather a natural mixture of related hydrated iron oxides, most commonly goethite, lepidocrocite, and jarosite.
Field identification & locations
Commonly identified by its characteristic yellowish-brown streak and earthy appearance. Found worldwide in weathered iron deposits.
