mineral
Limonite with Gold-bearing Quartz
Hydrated Iron Oxide Hydroxide, FeO(OH)·nH2O
Hardness varies from 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, color ranges from yellowish-brown to dark brown or black, earthy to submetallic luster, amorphous crystal structure, yellowish-brown streak, specific gravity of 2.7 to 4.3.
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Physical properties
Hardness varies from 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, color ranges from yellowish-brown to dark brown or black, earthy to submetallic luster, amorphous crystal structure, yellowish-brown streak, specific gravity of 2.7 to 4.3.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the oxidation and weathering of iron-bearing sulfide minerals, particularly pyrite, often found in gossans above sulfide ore deposits.
Uses & applications
Historically used as an iron ore, pigment (ochre), and collected by mineral enthusiasts as a matrix specimen.
Geological facts
Limonite is not a true mineral species, but rather a mixture of related iron oxide minerals like goethite, lepidocrocite, and jarosite. It is often found associated with gold in hydrothermal vein deposits.
Field identification & locations
Commonly found worldwide in oxidized zones of ore deposits. Field identification relies on its distinctive yellowish-brown streak and earthy appearance.
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