mineral
Limonite with Gossan / Iron Ore
Hydrated iron oxide-hydroxide, approximately FeO(OH)·nH2O
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale. Color ranges from yellowish-brown, dark brown, to black with characteristic yellowish-brown streak. Luster is earthy, submetallic, or silky. Crystal structure is amorphous or microcrystalline, typically forming in botryoidal, mammillary, or stalactitic masses.
- Hardness
- 4 to 5
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale. Color ranges from yellowish-brown, dark brown, to black with characteristic yellowish-brown streak. Luster is earthy, submetallic, or silky. Crystal structure is amorphous or microcrystalline, typically forming in botryoidal, mammillary, or stalactitic masses.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the secondary oxidation and weathering of primary iron-bearing sulfide minerals, often found in the weathered upper zones of ore deposits known as gossans.
Uses & applications
Historically used as a source of iron ore and as a pigment (ochre). Mainly collected as mineral specimens today.
Geological facts
Limonite is not a single mineral species, but rather a mixture of related hydrated iron oxides, most commonly goethite and lepidocrocite.
Field identification & locations
Commonly identified by its distinct yellowish-brown streak, earthy texture, and association with weathered iron deposits.
