mineral
Limonite with Quartz
Hydrated Iron Oxide Hydroxide with Silicon Dioxide (FeO(OH)·nH2O + SiO2)
Hardness: 4 to 5.5 for limonite, 7 for quartz; Color: Dark brown, yellowish-brown, ochre with white quartz patches; Luster: Dull, earthy to submetallic; Crystal structure: Amorphous to microcrystalline; Streak: Yellowish-brown
- Hardness
- 4 to 5
- Color
- Dark brown, yellowish-brown, ochre with white quartz patches
- Luster
- Dull, earthy to submetallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4 to 5.5 for limonite, 7 for quartz; Color: Dark brown, yellowish-brown, ochre with white quartz patches; Luster: Dull, earthy to submetallic; Crystal structure: Amorphous to microcrystalline; Streak: Yellowish-brown
Formation & geological history
Formed through the secondary oxidation and weathering of primary iron-bearing minerals or in sedimentary environments such as bogs and iron springs over geological time scales.
Uses & applications
Used historically as a pigment (ochre), a minor ore of iron, and as mineral specimens for collectors.
Geological facts
Limonite is not a true distinct mineral species, but rather a natural mixture of related hydrated iron oxide minerals, primarily goethite and lepidocrocite.
Field identification & locations
Commonly found in oxidized zones of ore deposits and weathered iron-rich rocks. Identified by its characteristic yellowish-brown streak and earthy appearance.
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