mineral
Limonite
FeO(OH)•nH2O
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, yellowish-brown to dark brown color, submetallic to earthy luster, and an amorphous or microcrystalline structure with no distinct cleavage.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, yellowish-brown to dark brown color, submetallic to earthy luster, and an amorphous or microcrystalline structure with no distinct cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Forms through the oxidation and weathering of iron-bearing sulfide minerals and rocks, typically found in sedimentary environments or gossans.
Uses & applications
Historically used as a low-grade iron ore and as a natural yellow-brown pigment (ochre) for paints and ceramics.
Geological facts
Limonite is not a true distinct mineral species, but rather a mixture of related hydrous iron oxides like goethite, lepidocrocite, and jarosite.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified in the field by its characteristic yellowish-brown streak and earthy appearance, commonly found worldwide in oxidized iron deposits.
