mineral
Limonite
FeO(OH)·nH2O
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, yellowish-brown to dark brown color, earthy to submetallic luster, amorphous or microcrystalline crystal structure, poor cleavage, specific gravity ranging from 2.7 to 4.3.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, yellowish-brown to dark brown color, earthy to submetallic luster, amorphous or microcrystalline crystal structure, poor cleavage, specific gravity ranging from 2.7 to 4.3.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the oxidation and weathering of iron-bearing minerals and rocks, often in gossans (iron hats) above sulfide deposits, or as a chemical precipitate in swamps and shallow marine environments.
Uses & applications
Historically used as an iron ore and a pigment (ochre), and collected as a mineral specimen.
Geological facts
Limonite is not a true single mineral species, but rather a mixture of related hydrated iron oxides and hydroxides, most commonly goethite and lepidocrocite.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its characteristic yellowish-brown or brownish-yellow streak, earthy appearance, and association with iron-rich weathered zones. Found worldwide.
