mineral
Limonite
FeO(OH)•nH2O
Hardness of 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, color ranges from yellowish-brown to dark brown or black, earthy to submetallic luster, amorphous or cryptocrystalline structure, no distinct cleavage, specific gravity of 2.7 to 4.3.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 4 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, color ranges from yellowish-brown to dark brown or black, earthy to submetallic luster, amorphous or cryptocrystalline structure, no distinct cleavage, specific gravity of 2.7 to 4.3.
Formation & geological history
Formed as a weathering product of various iron-rich minerals and in sedimentary environments like bogs and shallow marine waters, often occurring over a vast geological timescale.
Uses & applications
Historically used as an iron ore and a yellow pigment (ochre), currently mainly of interest to mineral collectors.
Geological facts
Limonite is not a true distinct mineral species, but rather a mixture of related hydrated iron oxides, primarily goethite and lepidocrocite.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its characteristic yellowish-brown streak, earthy texture, and association with weathered iron deposits. Commonly found worldwide.
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Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)
Arenite (SiO2 based)
sedimentary
Soil with Mineral Detritus and Quartz Fragments
Regolith / Silicate Mineral Aggregate
sedimentary
Limonite / Goethite (Iron Ore Mineral nodule)
FeO(OH)·nH2O / FeO(OH)
mineral
Septarian Pebble
Septarian nodule / Concretion
sedimentary
Potassium Feldspar (Orthoclase)
Orthoclase (KAlSi3O8)
mineral
Schist
Schist
Metamorphic