igneous
Granite
Granite (Phaneritic Quartz-Feldspar Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (white, gray, black); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Salt and pepper (white, gray, black)
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Salt and pepper (white, gray, black); Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface. Primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. Geological age varies from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, curbing, and monuments. Also popular in landscaping and as a decorative building stone.
Geological facts
Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most durable natural stones, which is why it has been used since ancient Egypt for building pyramids and obelisks.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its 'salt and pepper' appearance with visible interlocking crystals. Look for translucent quartz and opaque feldspar. Commonly found in mountainous regions or glacial deposits.
