mineral
Malachite-bearing copper ore
Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, likely mixed with chrysocolla, copper minerals, and iron oxides
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectGreen to blue-green, earthy to vitreous luster, commonly botryoidal or massive; malachite has Mohs hardness 3.5–4, imperfect cleavage, and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The specimen appears rough and matrix-rich, with brownish oxidized mineral patches.
Identified More mineral →
Explore Malachite-bearing copper ore in the encyclopedia →Identify your own rocks.
Get a report just like this from any photo, free.
Physical properties
Green to blue-green, earthy to vitreous luster, commonly botryoidal or massive; malachite has Mohs hardness 3.5–4, imperfect cleavage, and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The specimen appears rough and matrix-rich, with brownish oxidized mineral patches.
Formation & geological history
Forms in the oxidized zones of copper deposits when copper minerals react with carbonate-rich groundwater, typically at shallow depths. It is geologically young relative to its host ore and may occur in deposits of many ages.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, pigment, jewelry material, and copper ore; softer specimens are often polished or stabilized. Avoid dust and ingestion because copper minerals can be toxic.
Geological facts
Malachite commonly develops concentric banding and bright emerald-green color, though massive ore can look mottled or dull. It frequently occurs with azurite, chrysocolla, cuprite, and native copper.
Field identification & locations
Identify by green coloration, relatively low hardness, heavy feel, and possible fizzing in warm dilute acid; the image alone cannot confirm the mineral. Common localities include the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and New Mexico.
