mineral
Malachite-bearing rock
Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, likely with limonite or host-rock matrix
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectGreen, earthy to botryoidal copper carbonate with brown/tan iron-oxide matrix; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, vitreous to dull luster, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage, and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The image is insufficient to confirm banding or crystal form.
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Physical properties
Green, earthy to botryoidal copper carbonate with brown/tan iron-oxide matrix; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, vitreous to dull luster, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage, and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The image is insufficient to confirm banding or crystal form.
Formation & geological history
Forms in the oxidized zones of copper-ore deposits through alteration of primary copper sulfides, commonly during the Cenozoic or older weathering episodes. Typical associated minerals include azurite, chrysocolla, cuprite, limonite, and copper sulfides.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, pigment, lapidary material, and copper ore; attractive specimens may be polished for jewelry or display.
Geological facts
Malachite’s vivid green color results from copper; powdered malachite was historically used as pigment, though dust is toxic. It commonly occurs with blue azurite and may replace limestone or fill fractures.
Field identification & locations
Identify by intense green color, low hardness, earthy/botryoidal texture, and a green streak; avoid acid or destructive tests on an unknown specimen. Common localities include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and New Mexico.
