mineral

Malachite-bearing rock

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, likely with limonite or host-rock matrix

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Green, earthy to botryoidal copper carbonate with brown/tan iron-oxide matrix; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, vitreous to dull luster, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage, and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The image is insufficient to confirm banding or crystal form.

Identified September 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in the oxidized zones of copper-ore deposits through alteration of primary copper sulfides, commonly during the Cenozoic or older weathering episodes. Typical associated minerals include azurite, chrysocolla, cuprite, limonite, and copper sulfides.

Uses & applications

Used as an ornamental stone, pigment, lapidary material, and copper ore; attractive specimens may be polished for jewelry or display.

Geological facts

Malachite’s vivid green color results from copper; powdered malachite was historically used as pigment, though dust is toxic. It commonly occurs with blue azurite and may replace limestone or fill fractures.

Field identification & locations

Identify by intense green color, low hardness, earthy/botryoidal texture, and a green streak; avoid acid or destructive tests on an unknown specimen. Common localities include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and New Mexico.