mineral
Malachite specimen
Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically bright to dark green with banding, botryoidal or fibrous texture, silky to vitreous luster, and monoclinic crystals; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, with perfect cleavage and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The specimen appears natural and possibly associated with copper-bearing matrix or another green copper mineral.
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Physical properties
Typically bright to dark green with banding, botryoidal or fibrous texture, silky to vitreous luster, and monoclinic crystals; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, with perfect cleavage and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The specimen appears natural and possibly associated with copper-bearing matrix or another green copper mineral.
Formation & geological history
A secondary copper-carbonate mineral formed when acidic groundwater alters copper sulfide deposits near the surface, commonly alongside azurite, chrysocolla, and native copper. Formation is generally geologically young relative to its host ore body, spanning many geological periods.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental and cabochon stone, pigment historically, and copper ore; its softness makes it unsuitable for most everyday jewelry. Avoid acids, abrasion, prolonged water exposure, and heating.
Geological facts
Malachite’s green color comes from copper and commonly occurs in concentric bands or mammillary masses. It is often confused with chrysocolla, dyed calcite, or aventurine.
Field identification & locations
Identify by vivid green color, curved banding, moderate heaviness, softness, and reaction to dilute acid; a streak is pale green. Common localities include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and Morocco.
