mineral
Malachite
Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish green with concentric banding; Luster: Silky to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0
- Hardness
- 3
- Luster
- Silky to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3.5-4.0; Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish green with concentric banding; Luster: Silky to dull; Crystal structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect in one direction; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0
Formation & geological history
Secondary mineral formed in the oxidation zone of copper deposits; carbonated water interacts with copper ores. Found worldwide in diverse geological environments where copper oxidation occurs.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as decorative stone, gemstones for jewelry (cabochons, beads), and in carvings. Historically used as a green pigment in paint until the 1800s.
Geological facts
In Ancient Egypt, it was used as eye shadow. It is famous for its ‘botryoidal’ (grape-like) growth habits and distinctive banding patterns. Large deposits are found in the Ural Mountains and the DRC.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its vivid green color and unique banding. It will react and effervesce slightly with dilute hydrochloric acid. It is often found associated with Azurite.
