mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide, Cu2CO3(OH)2

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 (Mohs); Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish-green; Luster: Adamantine to vitreous, silky if fibrous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Cleavage: Perfect; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish-green
Luster: Adamantine to vitreous, silky if fibrous

Identified May 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidation zones of copper deposits where copper-bearing fluids interact with carbonate rocks like limestone. Often found as botryoidal (grape-like) masses or stalactites.

Uses & applications

Primarily used as a gemstone for jewelry, ornamental carvings, and decorative slabs. Historically used as a green pigment in paints until about 1800. Also an ore of copper.

Geological facts

Malachite is famous for its distinct banded patterns. Ancient Egyptians used it for amulets and ground it into eye makeup. The Hermitage Museum contains a famous 'Malachite Room' featuring large decorative pieces.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its vivid green color and distinct light and dark banding. Found globally with major deposits in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Russia (Urals), and Arizona. Note: Malachite dust is toxic if inhaled.