mineral
Malachite
Malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂), a copper carbonate hydroxide
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectTypically vivid green with curved or concentric banding, silky to vitreous luster, monoclinic crystals, perfect cleavage, and Mohs hardness 3.5–4; specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The image appears to show a small polished or tumbled banded piece.
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Physical properties
Typically vivid green with curved or concentric banding, silky to vitreous luster, monoclinic crystals, perfect cleavage, and Mohs hardness 3.5–4; specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The image appears to show a small polished or tumbled banded piece.
Formation & geological history
Forms mainly in the oxidized zones of copper-ore deposits through groundwater alteration, commonly during the Cenozoic or older hydrothermal systems. It is often associated with azurite, chrysocolla, and native copper.
Uses & applications
Used as an ornamental stone, cabochon, carving material, pigment, and copper ore; it is generally too soft for durable everyday jewelry. Small polished specimens are commonly collected.
Geological facts
Its green color and banding are diagnostic, though dyed stone or imitation materials can occur. Malachite dust is toxic if inhaled, and acids cause effervescence or surface reaction.
Field identification & locations
Common localities include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and New Mexico. Identify it by opaque green banding, moderate heaviness, softness, and a green streak; avoid scratching valuable pieces.
