mineral
Malachite
Copper Carbonate Hydroxide (Cu2CO3(OH)2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale, distinct light and dark green banding, silky to adamantine luster, monoclinic crystal system, and a specific gravity of 3.6 to 4.0.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale, distinct light and dark green banding, silky to adamantine luster, monoclinic crystal system, and a specific gravity of 3.6 to 4.0.
Formation & geological history
Forms as a supergene mineral in the oxidation zone of copper ore deposits, typically precipitating in limestone cavities.
Uses & applications
Widely used as an ornamental stone for carvings, decorative objects, and cabochons in jewelry, as well as historically as a copper ore and pigment.
Geological facts
Malachite has been mined for over 3,000 years, particularly in the Sinai Peninsula and ancient Egypt, where it was ground into powder for eye makeup and wall paintings.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its characteristic botryoidal growth habit and vibrant green concentric banding; it effervesces in dilute hydrochloric acid due to carbonate content.
