mineral
Malachite
Copper Carbonate Hydroxide (Cu2CO3(OH)2)
Hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale, vibrant green color with distinctive concentric banding or patterns, vitreous to silky luster, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage in one direction, specific gravity around 3.6 to 4.0
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Physical properties
Hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale, vibrant green color with distinctive concentric banding or patterns, vitreous to silky luster, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage in one direction, specific gravity around 3.6 to 4.0
Formation & geological history
Formed in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits, typically as a supergene mineral replacing other copper minerals in limestone environments
Uses & applications
Widely used as an ornamental stone for carvings, beads, and cabochons in jewelry, as well as a historical pigment
Geological facts
Malachite has been mined for over 3,000 years, notably in the Sinai Peninsula and ancient Egypt, where it was ground into powder for eye makeup and wall paintings
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its characteristic bright green color and banded patterns; found in major deposits worldwide including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia, Australia, and the southwestern United States
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