mineral
Malachite
Copper Carbonate Hydroxide, Cu2CO3(OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectMohs hardness 3.5 to 4, bright green to dark green color, vitreous to dull luster, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage in one direction, specific gravity 3.6 to 4.0.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness 3.5 to 4, bright green to dark green color, vitreous to dull luster, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage in one direction, specific gravity 3.6 to 4.0.
Formation & geological history
Forms in the oxidation zone of copper ore deposits, typically as botryoidal or stalactitic masses in limestone host rocks.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as an ornamental stone, for carved items, beads, and gemstone cabochons, as well as a historical copper ore and green pigment.
Geological facts
Malachite often forms pseudomorphs after azurite and was used historically as a mineral pigment in paintings dating back to ancient Egypt.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its characteristic bright green color, banded patterns, and effervescence when tested with hydrochloric acid. Found globally, notably in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia, and the southwestern United States.
