mineral

Malachite

Malachite — Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, hydrated copper carbonate

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Usually vivid green with concentric or banded patterns, silky to glassy luster, botryoidal or fibrous texture, and perfect cleavage; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The specimen appears to be rough, fibrous/botryoidal malachite, possibly with minor chrysocolla or host rock.

Identified August 10, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary copper-mineral in oxidized zones of copper deposits, where acidic groundwater alters primary copper sulfides; most deposits are Cenozoic to Precambrian in age. Common localities include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and Namibia.

Uses & applications

Used as an ornamental stone, cabochon material, pigment, and collector mineral; historically used as a copper ore. Avoid cutting or grinding dust, which can be toxic if inhaled.

Geological facts

Its intense green color comes from copper. Malachite effervesces weakly in dilute hydrochloric acid and produces a pale-green streak, distinguishing it from many green look-alikes.

Field identification & locations

Identify by saturated green banding, softness, high density, and association with azurite or copper minerals; do not rely on color alone. Rough common specimens typically sell for $5–$30, while large, vividly patterned or high-quality pieces may bring $50–$300+.