mineral

Malachite

Malachite — Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂, copper carbonate hydroxide

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Typically vivid banded green with a silky to vitreous luster; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, monoclinic crystals, perfect cleavage, and specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The specimen appears polished and set in jewelry, with associated azurite indicated by the display label.

Identified August 16, 2026More mineral →

Explore Malachite in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a secondary copper mineral in oxidized zones of copper deposits, commonly replacing limestone; many notable specimens formed during the Cenozoic and older ore-forming episodes. The labeled locality appears to be near Bisbee, Arizona, a famous copper district.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, ornamental objects, pigments, and mineral collecting; polished malachite is valued for its distinctive concentric banding. It is not generally used as a copper ore today.

Geological facts

Malachite commonly occurs with blue azurite, chrysocolla, cuprite, and native copper. Its green color comes from copper, and powdered or acid-treated material should not be inhaled or ingested.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by intense opaque green color, alternating light/dark bands, botryoidal patterns, and reaction to dilute acid; avoid prolonged skin contact with dust. Common sources include the Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and Morocco.