mineral
Malachite
Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish-green with distinct banding; Luster: Silky to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0
- Hardness
- 3
- Luster
- Silky to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish-green with distinct banding; Luster: Silky to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0
Formation & geological history
Formed in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits where carbonated waters interact with copper-bearing minerals. Often found in association with azurite.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as decorative beads in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically as a pigment. It is also an ore of copper.
Geological facts
Malachite's distinctive banding results from the varying oxidation levels and water content during its formation. It was used by ancient Egyptians as far back as 4000 BC for jewelry and ground up for use as eye shadow.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its vivid green color and botryoidal (grape-like) concentric banding. Found commonly in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia (Urals), and Arizona, USA. Avoid cleaning with acids as they will dissolve the mineral.
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