mineral

Malachite

Copper carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish-green with distinct banding; Luster: Silky to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Luster: Silky to vitreous

Identified July 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green, dark green, blackish-green with distinct banding; Luster: Silky to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Formation & geological history

Formed in the oxidized zone of copper ore deposits where carbonated waters interact with copper-bearing minerals. Often found in association with azurite.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as decorative beads in jewelry, ornamental carvings, and historically as a pigment. It is also an ore of copper.

Geological facts

Malachite's distinctive banding results from the varying oxidation levels and water content during its formation. It was used by ancient Egyptians as far back as 4000 BC for jewelry and ground up for use as eye shadow.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its vivid green color and botryoidal (grape-like) concentric banding. Found commonly in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Russia (Urals), and Arizona, USA. Avoid cleaning with acids as they will dissolve the mineral.