mineral

Malachite

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂; a banded botryoidal copper carbonate specimen

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Bright green to turquoise-green bands with silky to vitreous luster and concentric botryoidal growth; Mohs hardness 3.5–4, monoclinic crystal system, perfect cleavage, specific gravity about 3.6–4.0. The brown central material appears to be iron-rich matrix or alteration products.

Identified October 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms near Earth’s surface as a secondary copper mineral when copper deposits weather and react with carbonate-bearing water; commonly associated with azurite. It forms across many geological ages rather than one specific age.

Uses & applications

Used as a copper ore, ornamental stone, and in carvings, beads, and jewelry; softer specimens are typically stabilized or protected from abrasion.

Geological facts

The striking concentric bands are growth layers, and malachite’s vivid green color has made it a pigment and decorative material since antiquity.

Field identification & locations

Recognize it by rich green color and curved, concentric bands, often alongside azurite in oxidized copper deposits. Common localities include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, and Australia; avoid inhaling dust or using it for water-contact items.