mineral

Malachite

Malachite - Cu2CO3(OH)2

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green to dark green with banding; Luster: Silky, velvety, or dull in raw form, vitreous when polished; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3
Color: Bright green to dark green with banding
Luster: Silky, velvety, or dull in raw form, vitreous when polished

Identified July 12, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4.0 Mohs; Color: Bright green to dark green with banding; Luster: Silky, velvety, or dull in raw form, vitreous when polished; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic; Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of copper ore deposits. It precipitates from carbonated water containing copper, often found in hydrothermal veins and sedimentary deposits.

Uses & applications

Used primarily as a gemstone, for decorative ornaments, in jewelry, and historically as a green pigment in paints.

Geological facts

Malachite often grows alongside Azurite. It has been mined for over 3,000 years, and ancient Egyptians used it for amulets and eyeshadow. It is famous for its distinctive light and dark green concentric banding or orbicular patterns.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its unique green color and characteristic banding. It is heavy for its size due to copper content. Common locations include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Russia, Australia, and Arizona, USA.