igneous
Martian Basalt Rock
Extrusive Mafic Igneous Rock (Basalt)
Hardness: 6 (Mohs scale), Color: Reddish-brown due to iron oxide surface coating (dark gray to black underneath), Luster: Earthy to dull, Crystal Structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained), Cleavage: None to irregular, Specific Gravity: 2.8 - 3.0
Identified More igneous →
Explore Martian Basalt Rock in the encyclopedia →Identify your own rocks.
Get a report just like this from any photo, free.
Physical properties
Hardness: 6 (Mohs scale), Color: Reddish-brown due to iron oxide surface coating (dark gray to black underneath), Luster: Earthy to dull, Crystal Structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained), Cleavage: None to irregular, Specific Gravity: 2.8 - 3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through volcanic activity where low-viscosity mafic lava cooled rapidly at or near the surface. Surface weathering on Mars involves iron oxidation producing its distinctive reddish dust coating.
Uses & applications
Scientific research, understanding planetary geology, and planetary exploration history.
Geological facts
This image shows a typical rock specimen on Mars photographed by a planetary rover. Martian rocks are mostly mafic igneous rocks similar to terrestrial basalts, rich in iron and magnesium.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its dark fine-grained interior matrix, dense nature, vesicular or micro-vesicular texture, and reddish surface dust staining. Found abundantly across the Martian surface.
