mineral

Muscovite Mica

Muscovite, KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2

Hardness: 2-2.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Silver, white, yellowish, or brownish, Luster: Vitreous to pearly or silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Perfect basal cleavage producing extremely thin, flexible sheets, Specific Gravity: 2.77-2.88

Hardness: 2-2

Identified August 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in igneous rocks like granites and pegmatites, as well as in metamorphic rocks such as schists and gneisses through the crystallization of silica- and aluminum-rich magmas or regional metamorphism.

Uses & applications

Used in electrical insulators, optical equipment, paints, plastics, cosmetics for a shimmer effect, and as a refractory material.

Geological facts

Muscovite is the most common mineral of the mica family. Historically it was used in Russia as a substitute for window glass, which is where its name 'Muscovite' originates (meaning 'Muscovy glass').

Field identification & locations

Easily identified in the field by its distinct sheet-like structure, perfect basal cleavage allowing it to be peeled into transparent elastic flakes, and high reflective sparkle. Found worldwide in pegmatites and metamorphic terrains.