mineral

Native Copper

Copper (Cu)

Mohs hardness: 2.5 to 3; Color: distinctive copper-red, often tarnishing to brown or green; Luster: metallic; Crystal structure: isometric; Cleavage: none, exhibits hackly fracture; Specific gravity: 8.9

Hardness: 2
Color: distinctive copper-red, often tarnishing to brown or green
Luster: metallic

Identified August 3, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a precipitate in hydrothermal veins, in cavities of basaltic lavas, and through the oxidation of copper sulfide deposits

Uses & applications

Extensively used for electrical wiring, plumbing, coinage, industrial machinery, and sought after by mineral collectors

Geological facts

Native copper is one of the few metallic elements to occur in native form in large quantities, with the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan historically famous for massive native copper deposits

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its characteristic reddish-brown metallic luster, high density (heavy for its size), malleability, and green tarnish (patina); commonly found in major copper-producing regions worldwide