mineral
Native Copper
Native Copper (Cu)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Copper-red to reddish-brown (tarnishes to green or black); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.9
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Copper-red to reddish-brown (tarnishes to green or black)
- Luster
- Metallic
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Copper-red to reddish-brown (tarnishes to green or black); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 8.9
Formation & geological history
Formed as a primary mineral from hydrothermal solutions in volcanic rocks or as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. Many famous deposits date back to the Keweenawan age (approx. 1 billion years ago).
Uses & applications
Used widely in electrical wiring, plumbing, heat exchangers, and electronics due to its high conductivity. Also popular in jewelry, coinage, and as a highly sought-after mineral specimen for collectors.
Geological facts
Native copper is one of the few elements that occurs in nature in a directly usable metallic form. The largest single mass of native copper ever found was the 'Ontonagon Boulder' from Michigan, weighing over 3,700 pounds.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its high density, metallic luster, copper-red color on a fresh surface, and its malleability (it can be hammered without shattering). Commonly found in the Lake Superior region of Michigan, Arizona, and Chile.
