mineral
Native Copper
Copper (Cu)
Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3; distinctive bright metallic copper-red color often developing a green patina (malachite or azurite); metallic luster; cubic crystal system though rarely found as distinct crystals, usually massive or dendritic; specific gravity of 8.9
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3; distinctive bright metallic copper-red color often developing a green patina (malachite or azurite); metallic luster; cubic crystal system though rarely found as distinct crystals, usually massive or dendritic; specific gravity of 8.9
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal veins, as secondary alteration products in basaltic lava flows, and through the reduction of copper compounds in sedimentary environments.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in electrical wiring, plumbing, electronics, coinage, and decorative art or jewelry.
Geological facts
Native copper is one of the few metallic elements to occur in nature in a pure, uncombined metallic state. The Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan is famous for massive native copper deposits historically mined by indigenous peoples and later industrial miners.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its unique metallic reddish-brown color, malleability, high density, and characteristic green oxidation patina in weathered specimens.
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