mineral

Native Copper

Copper (Cu)

Hardness: 2.5-3 on Mohs scale; Color: Copper-red, often with a green tarnish (patina); Luster: Metallic; Crystal Structure: Isometric (cubic); Cleavage: None, exhibits hackly fracture; Specific Gravity: 8.9

Hardness: 2
Color: Copper-red, often with a green tarnish (patina)
Luster: Metallic

Identified July 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed as a primary mineral in basaltic lava cavities through hydrothermal processes, or as a secondary mineral in oxidized zones of copper deposits.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in electrical wiring, plumbing, coinage, roofing, and alloys like brass and bronze; also valued by mineral collectors.

Geological facts

Native copper is one of the few metallic elements to occur naturally in macroscopic, uncombined form. The Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan is famous for massive native copper deposits.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its distinctive red-brown metallic color, high density, and malleability. Found globally in copper-bearing regions such as the US, Chile, and Russia.