sedimentary

Navajo Sandstone

Quartz arenite, predominantly SiO₂ (quartz) with iron-oxide cement

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Fine- to medium-grained, reddish-brown and tan sandstone with cross-bedding, weathering cavities, and generally low porosity where cemented; quartz hardness is 7 Mohs, with a dull to slightly sugary luster. The visible road tunnel is excavated through bedded sandstone rather than being a separate specimen.

Identified August 15, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from wind-blown desert dunes during the Early Jurassic, approximately 190–180 million years ago, then lithified by compaction and mineral cementation. It is extensively exposed across the Colorado Plateau of Utah and Arizona.

Uses & applications

Used locally as dimension stone, aggregate, and a major scenic/geologic substrate; it has little gemstone value, though small attractive slabs or blocks may be collected where permitted.

Geological facts

Large-scale sweeping cross-bedding records ancient dune migration, while iron oxides produce the red coloration. Differential weathering commonly creates alcoves, arches, and tunnel-like cavities.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by thick, sweeping cross-beds, quartz-rich sandy texture, red-to-cream coloration, and cliff-forming outcrops; common around Zion, southern Utah, and the wider Colorado Plateau. Collecting from protected areas or roadcuts may be prohibited.